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1、集中(zhong)的(de)加(jia)工程序，精(jing)確的(de)參考定(ding)位
精(jing)(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)而精(jing)(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)的定(ding)(ding)位(wei)可以精(jing)(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)待加工工件的表(biao)面(mian)。為了減少定(ding)(ding)位(wei)誤(wu)差，必須集中數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)的加工程序并以統一(yi)的參考(kao)進行定(ding)(ding)位(wei)。在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎上，數(shu)控(kong)加工工藝設(she)(she)計(ji)者應(ying)在(zai)數(shu)控(kong)加工過程的開始和(he)結束時將表(biao)面(mian)安排為精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)基(ji)(ji)準，從而為后續加工過程的精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)基(ji)(ji)準奠定(ding)(ding)基(ji)(ji)礎，并加快加工速度(du)。 。數(shu)控(kong)加工過程設(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員還應(ying)設(she)(she)置輔助(zhu)基(ji)(ji)準，以統一(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)，編程和(he)計(ji)算基(ji)(ji)準。
2、首先進行粗加(jia)工(gong)，后半精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)，然后精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)
為了加(jia)(jia)(jia)快數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速度(du)，請充分利(li)用精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)的(de)均勻性。在(zai)切削(xue)(xue)過程中(zhong)，必須首先進(jin)行粗(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并使用大切削(xue)(xue)深度(du)來減少切削(xue)(xue)次數(shu)并節省大量(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang);然后(hou)，在(zai)完成粗(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)，進(jin)行半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，因為完成了粗(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。余(yu)量(liang)的(de)剩余(yu)均勻性不能在(zai)精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)充分利(li)用。因此(ci)，將半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用于(yu)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以(yi)充分利(li)用粗(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)，從而(er)提高(gao)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表(biao)面的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)最(zui)(zui)終形(xing)(xing)狀實際上是通過最(zui)(zui)后(hou)切割而(er)形(xing)(xing)成的(de)，而(er)沒有(you)間斷。因此(ci)，數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程設計者應(ying)(ying)考慮加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)內外的(de)位置。當工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件沒有(you)形(xing)(xing)成連續輪(lun)廓時，最(zui)(zui)好注(zhu)意(yi)更(geng)(geng)換刀具(ju)，以(yi)免改變切削(xue)(xue)力。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表(biao)面出現(xian)劃痕。一(yi)(yi)般而(er)言，無(wu)論(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)哪一(yi)(yi)側，都應(ying)(ying)遵(zun)循粗(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)順序，然后(hou)是半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，然后(hou)進(jin)行精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，以(yi)生產出具(ju)有(you)更(geng)(geng)好光潔度(du)和(he)更(geng)(geng)高(gao)細度(du)的(de)產品。
3、接近原理，內在原理
在數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，掌握(wo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置和(he)刀(dao)尖位置之間的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)(li)非常重要(yao)。在數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)人員應(ying)遵循接近(jin)(jin)原理，首(shou)先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)靠(kao)近(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)，然(ran)后再加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遠(yuan)離(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)，以(yi)最(zui)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度地減少工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)移動距(ju)離(li)(li)。例(li)如(ru)：對(dui)(dui)于需要(yao)在內表(biao)面(mian)和(he)外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)都進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，如(ru)果工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)剛性(xing)不好，切(qie)削(xue)熱(re)將(jiang)影響切(qie)削(xue)刃，導(dao)致工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)內表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)形狀和(he)尺(chi)寸(cun)變(bian)小。不受控(kong)(kong)制，但(dan)是切(qie)削(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是在數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)床上進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。使用接近(jin)(jin)原理時，半(ban)成品可以(yi)保持相對(dui)(dui)剛度[2]。因此，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方案應(ying)遵循接近(jin)(jin)原理，首(shou)先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遠(yuan)離(li)(li)刀(dao)具(ju)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)，然(ran)后加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遠(yuan)離(li)(li)刀(dao)具(ju)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian);原則是先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)內表(biao)面(mian)，然(ran)后再加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)，以(yi)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)效率。
4、選(xuan)擇工(gong)具(ju)的最短路徑以減少程序段(duan)的數量
刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)是指從操(cao)作開始到加(jia)工(gong)(gong)完成的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)點(dian)移動的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)，加(jia)上刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)點(dian)返回到刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)點(dian)的(de)(de)所有距(ju)離，其(qi)中還包括刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)點(dian)經(jing)過的(de)(de)距(ju)離。切(qie)割過程(cheng)。在切(qie)削過程(cheng)中，一般(ban)根據工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)輪廓進行精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)，路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)的(de)(de)確定決定了粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)。因此(ci)，在零件(jian)質(zhi)量(liang)穩定的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，選擇最合適的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)可以(yi)節(jie)(jie)省多個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時間，減(jian)(jian)少刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)消耗并減(jian)(jian)少機械磨損。此(ci)外，為(wei)編寫加(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)，數控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)設計師 技術(shu)上還應注(zhu)意(yi)使程(cheng)序(xu)易于使用(yong)，減(jian)(jian)少程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)數，從而(er)減(jian)(jian)少計算機內存占用(yong)和錯誤(wu)數，并提高數控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。
